Longitudinal structure function of the proton at low momentum transfer and extended constituents

Abstract

Recent data on the (inelastic) Nachtmann moments of the unpolarized proton structure function F2p, obtained at low momentum transfer with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab, have been interpreted in terms of the dominance of the elastic coupling of the virtual photon with extended substructures inside the proton. Adopting the same constituent form factors and the same light-front wave function describing the motion of the constituents in the proton, the (inelastic) Nachtmann moments of the longitudinal proton structure function FLp are calculated (without further parameters) for values of the squared four-momentum transfer 0.2 < Q**2 (GeV/c)**2 < 2. The different role played by the Pauli form factor of the constituents in the transverse and longitudinal channels is illustrated. Our predictions, including an estimate of the theoretical uncertainties, may be checked against the forthcoming results of the experiment E94110 at Jefferson Lab. A positive comparison with the new data may provide compelling evidence that constituent quarks are intermediate substructures between the hadrons and the current quarks and gluons of QCD.