Avalanche-like Plasticity in Complex Concentrated Alloys: A Review Across Scales

Abstract

Complex concentrated alloys (CCAs), including high- and medium-entropy alloys, deform in chemically heterogeneous energy landscapes where dislocation glide, solute aging, twinning, phase transformation and microstructural barriers may all contribute. This review discusses avalanche-like and serrated plasticity in CCAs across scales. The first part separates the relevant length scales and methods used to access them. At microscopic and mesoscopic scales, acoustic emission (AE) and microcompression studies reveal discrete dislocation avalanches and strain bursts that may be hidden in conventional macroscopic curves. At the specimen scale, local extensometry and digital image correlation (DIC) studies of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect show how collective defect dynamics can organize into deformation bands and macroscopic stress serrations. Together, these approaches show that plastic flow may appear smooth only as an average response, while remaining intermittent at finer scales. The second part reviews direct CCA evidence, with emphasis on AE, stress-serration statistics, microplasticity, DIC, nanoindentation and small-scale deformation. A central conclusion is that serrated flow in CCAs should not be treated as a single phenomenon. Depending on chemistry, temperature, strain rate and microstructure, it may originate from dynamic strain aging, twinning, martensitic transformation, slip localization, or a combination of these mechanisms. Reported power-law-like distributions and exponents partly overlap with those known from simpler crystals and alloys, and the present evidence does not establish a distinct CCA-specific universality class. CCAs are therefore best viewed as tunable systems in which chemical disorder, short range order, phase stability and microstructure can modify the nucleation, arrest and synchronization of collective plastic events.