Matrix Algebra for Persistence Modules Yields a Proof of the Isometry Theorem

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to provide a simple proof of the isometry theorem for one-parameter persistence modules, in which a matrix representing one morphism of an interleaving is reduced and the pivots determine a matching between barcodes. This approach applies to persistence modules of finite type indexed by the reals, and the more general statement for q-tame modules can then be deduced from it using approximations of q-tame modules. The similarity between this use of matrix reduction and that in the persistent homology algorithm motivates some further development of matrix computations for persistence modules, formalized by a category of barcodes in which the morphisms are equivalence classes of matrices. A method for computing induced maps on persistent homology is provided using matrix operations that fit naturally into persistent homology computations, making functorial persistent homology barcodes computable. A method is also given for computing persistent homology barcodes and morphisms when chains do not necessarily have infinite death times.