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When and Where Faults Matter: A Study of Transient Errors in CKKS Multiplication · arXivDesk

2608.11147Aug 11, 20263 pages, 2 figures

When and Where Faults Matter: A Study of Transient Errors in CKKS Multiplication

Vattana Chan, Matías Mazzanti, Karthik Swaminathan, Augusto Vega, Esteban Mocskos, Radha Venkatagiri

Hardware Architecture Cryptography and Security

Abstract

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a privacy-preserving encryption paradigm that enables computation directly on encrypted data without requiring decryption. In this paper, we study errors in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) computations, with a particular focus on server-side homomorphic multiplication in the unoptimized CKKS (Cheon--Kim--Kim--Song) scheme. We show that both the timing and the location of errors in the ciphertext components $c_0$ and $c_1$ have a significant impact on the correctness of the final FHE output.

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Researchers working in cs.AR and adjacent areas.

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The paper addresses: When and Where Faults Matter: A Study of Transient Errors in CKKS Multiplication.
Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a privacy-preserving encryption paradigm that enables computation directly on encrypted data without requiring decryption.