Multi-source thermal model describing multi-region structure of transverse momentum spectra of identified particles and parameter dynamics of system evolution in relativistic collisions

Abstract

In this article, the multi-region structure of transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of identified particles produced in relativistic collisions is studied by the multi-component standard distribution (the Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, or Bose-Einstein distribution) in the framework of a multi-source thermal model. Results are interpreted in the framework of string model phenomenology in which the multi-region of $p_T$ spectra corresponds to the string hadronization in the cascade process of string breaking. The contributions of the string hadronizations from the first-, second-, and third-, i.e., last-generations of string breakings mainly form high-, intermediate-, and low-$p_T$